Inline absorption of ozone (O₃) into water for advanced oxidation, taste/odour removal, and disinfection. The KE mixer generates uniform turbulent shear that fragments gas bubbles to <10 µm, maximising mass transfer coefficient kLa.
Maximise volumetric mass-transfer coefficient (kLa) (volumetric mass transfer coefficient). Bubble diameter target <10 µm. Gas-to-liquid volumetric ratio <0.3 (slug flow above this threshold). Back pressure must maintain ozone solubility (Henry's Law). 8–12 elements for adequate bubble fragmentation.
Preferred MOC: 316SS minimum. Hastelloy C-276 preferred for wet ozone service. PTFE or EPDM gaskets only — ozone attacks NBR, EPDM/chloroprene degraded. PTFE-lined injection quill.
Back-pressure valve downstream mandatory to maintain dissolved ozone. Multi-port sparge tube for gas pre-dispersion before mixer. System must be fully enclosed (ozone is toxic). Ozone-resistant elastomers throughout.